What does federalism describe in the context of the U.S. Constitution?

Federalism, in the context of the U.S. Constitution, describes the system of government in which power and authority are divided between the national government and state governments. This framework allows for both levels of government to operate independently, each having its own responsibilities and powers, while also cooperating in areas where their jurisdictions may overlap.

The Founding Fathers established federalism as a way to balance power, preventing any single entity from becoming too powerful—this was particularly crucial after their experience with a centralized government under British rule. The U.S. Constitution outlines the specific powers granted to the national government, such as regulating interstate commerce and conducting foreign affairs, while also reserving various powers to the states, thereby ensuring a partnership that benefits the governance of the entire country.

This principle helps address local needs through state governments, while national issues can be managed by the federal government, fostering a diverse yet unified nation where both levels of government have the authority to legislate and enforce laws in their respective areas.